Showing posts with label - - - Persons - People. Show all posts
Showing posts with label - - - Persons - People. Show all posts

8/24/2016

Baba Bunko

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. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .
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Baba Bunkoo, Baba Bunkō 馬場文耕 Baba Bunko
(1718 - 1759)
(享保3年(1718年) - 宝暦8年12月29日(1759年1月27日))



His real name was Nakai 中井, he also used the names 左馬次 and Bunzaemon 文右衛門.
He lived in the time of Shogun Yoshimune as a Ronin and spent some time in a temple. He also participated in 俳諧 Haikai poetry meetings.
Some of his work is called seijimono 政事物 "Political Writings".
- His most famous publications are
当世武野俗談
近代公実厳秘録
近世江都著聞集
名君享保録

He was executed at 小塚原刑場.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Toodai Edo Hyaku Bakemono 当代江戸百化物 A hundred strange things in Edo
(とうだいえどひゃくばけもの)Todai Edo Hyaku Bakemono
"An Album of One Hundred Monsters"
(Toodai Edo Hyakkabutsu)
This essay is not about Yokai, or ghosts or spooks.
He describes the "monstrous people" of his times, from Samurai to merchants to doctors to Kabuki actors and more.
青山三右衛門, 山田由林, 中村七三郎, 鵜野長斎, 紙屋五郎兵衛 . . .
- Read all the names of the 27 people here:
source : izumikawauso.cocolog-nifty.com
宝暦当時江戸市中の噂に上った、人物を、士庶とりまぜて二十七名、二十三章に記述するものである

- English reference : Todai Edo Hyaku Bakemono -

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- quote
A Christian Samurai: The Trials of Baba Bunko
by William J Farge SJ




Although Japanese scholars have acclaimed Baba Bunko (1718-1759) as the most outstanding essayist and public speaker of the Tokugawa period (1603-1868). Western historians of Japan have long ignored him. This is because Bunko's very existence contradicts the historical narrative that they have constructed. According to that narrative, Christianity in Japan ceased to exist by 1640, except in small, scattered communities, centered mainly on the Nagasaki area.

Through a close critical analysis of Baba Bunko's often humorous, but always biting, satirical essays a new picture of the hidden world of Christianity in eighteenth-century Japan emerges - a picture that contradicts the generally-held belief among Western historians that the Catholic mission in Japan ended in failure. A Christian Samurai will surprise many readers when they discover that Christian moral teachings not only survived the long period of persecution but influenced Japanese society throughout the Tokugawa period.

Bunko's bold assertion that a representation of the Eucharist would be more appropriate as a symbol for Japan than the coat of arms of the emperor or the insignia of the shogun would eventually lead to his arrest, trial, and execution. The legal proceedings against him reveal the government's embarrassment at the failure of its attempts to eliminate Christianity.

This historical and literary study focuses on the personal as well as the public lives of many of the historical figures who were prominent in politics, philosophy, religion, and culture in the eighteenth century. The decadent state of Buddhism, the decline of Confucianism, and the popularity of the Yoshiwara "pleasure" quarters are some of the topics that illuminate this new history of early modern Japan and of the survival of Christianity.

The first complete English translation of Baba Bunko's Contemporary Edo:
An Album of One Hundred Monsters is included as an appendix.
- source : amazon.com

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- quote about "A Christian Samurai" -
Baba Bunkō (1718–59), a samurai from Iyo domain in Shikoku, set out in 1751 to begin a new life in the capital of Edo (now Tokyo) as a bureaucrat in the government of Tokugawa Ieshige (1711–61), the Japanese shogun... - snip snip-
1. Deus Restored
2. Tokugawa Christianity
3. Popular Games and Monster Stories
Gossip about the samurai class and rumors of scandal in the private lives of public officials were constantly circulating in the capital. Baba Bunkō took advantage of his listeners’ interest in the comings and goings...
4. Raindrops Falling in the Forest
The “monster” that attracted Baba Bunkō’s attention as no other was the daimyō 金森頼錦 Kanamori Yorikane. Between October and November of 1755, Kanamori had arrested more than five hundred peasants from...
5. Baba Bunko's Political and Social Dissent
Although censorship was enforced sporadically and was never very effective during the Tokugawa period, the bakufu did take measures to ensure that security would not be threatened. Officials kept a close eye...
6. The Decline of Tokugawa Neo-Confucianism
7. Baba Bunko's Literary Heritage
Modern Western historians have not included Baba Bunkō in their accounts of the Tokugawa period, except occasionally in passing or as a footnote. Perhaps this is because they consider Bunkō’s writings to be of...
8. Kabuki Actors, Monks, and Courtesans
The propensity of not a few samurai to become romantically involved with a male onnagata actor or with a courtesan of one of the “pleasure” districts did not go unnoticed. Bunkō speculates that their illicit liaisons...
9. The Breakdown of Social Order
10. The Christian Question
After Bunkō renounced his samurai status, resigned his government post, and began giving lectures criticizing various aspects of the prevailing culture of Tokugawa Japan, he turned to writing satirical essays and...
Contemporary Edo: An Album of One Hundred Monsters

- with PDF files to download from here:
- source : muse.jhu.edu/book -
Welcome to Project MUSE

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馬場文耕集 / 馬場文耕 (著), 岡田哲 (著) Okada Tetsu

Matsuzaki Gyojin Baba Bunko Muno Zokudan Baba Bunko Edo Chobun Shu
Buya zokudan (Secular tales in the martial field) by Baba Bunko, 1757)

- reference : baba bunko -

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The most extreme case was Baba Bunko (1718— 1759), the only writer throughout the entire Edo period to be executed for the crime of violating publication laws ...
- An Edo Anthology: Literature from Japan’s Mega-City,
Jones, Sumie, Watanabe, Kenji
- source : books.google.co.jp -


Baba Bunko (1718?-1758), for example, who was active during the 1750s, was savagely critical of contemporary political authority ...
- Edo Culture: Daily Life and Diversions in Urban Japan,
Matsunosuke Nishiyama, Gerald Groemer
- source : books.google.co.jp -


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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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8/16/2016

Nichosai Artist

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. Famous People of Edo .
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Nichoosai, Nichōsai 耳鳥斎 Nichosai, Nicho-sai
(?1751 - 1802/03)
A painter from Osaka.
His style is kakuyuufuu 覚猷(かくゆう)風 kakuyu-fu
His name was 松屋平三郎 Matsuya Heisaburo.
- - - - - His most famous works
「絵本水や空」 Ehon Mizu ya Sora
「画話耳鳥斎」Ebanashi Nichosai



CLICK for more of his paintings !

- quote -
I have researched the Edo paintings, especially, 戯画 Osaka's Giga (humorous pictures). In the mid-Edo period, Nicho-sai (1751-ca.1803) made his name as a painter of Giga in the flourishing mercantile center of Osaka. Besides doing business in Kyomachibori, Nicho-sai had an interest in painting and Joruri (ballad drama, sometimes performed with puppets) and most importantly, displayed an exceptional talent in the field of Giga.

In sharp contrast to Kyoto and Edo, the local character of Osaka was such that it remained somewhat cut off from academicism. Yet due to the city's free and vigorous air as a mercantile center, Osaka produced a slightly different type of artistic brilliance from the professional painters of the Kano and other schools. In addition, there is something uniquely Osakan about Nicho-sai's Giga; that is, he was a "master of humor".

From Kabuki scenes to genre paintings and printed books, Nicho-sai's works are a combination of both a summary yet witty precision and a simple brand of fun in which he rails against a straitlaced society and declares the world to be a comedy. I have got a new knowledge about "True or Fake" of Nichosai s paintings and so on, by the research of museum and other collectors in Japan and China.

In this time, I research the full range of the artist's output with approximately of Nicho-sai's painted works, such as the representative works "Another World Scroll", "Revenge of the 47 Ronin", and some books. In addition, I have also attempted to shed some light on the Osaka Giga tradition by including caricatures, and Toba-e books which we discover the origins of Osaka, the city of laughter. I have got a original result by this study.
- source : kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja - NAKATANI Nobuo -




耳鳥齋アーカイヴズ - - -江戸時代における大坂の戯画-
江戸時代に活躍した戯画作者の耳鳥齋の肉筆画・挿絵など計300点によるオールカラーの作品資料集。忘れられた大坂の戯画作者の中でも、最も注目される耳鳥齋は、かつては江戸の写楽と比較され、大いに人気を博していたが、近代になって忘れられた。本書は初めてといえる耳鳥齋の網羅的な作品紹介および資料集である。
関西大学東西学術研究所資料集刊  36
- source : www.kansai-u.ac.jp -

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- quote
Evidence that ‘kawaii’ has ruled Japanese pop culture for centuries!
A collection of playful prints from over 200 years ago prove that Japan’s highly-refined sense of cute has a very long history indeed.

The images in this article, taken from two different volumes of artwork created by the Japanese artist Nichōsai (耳鳥斎), prove that the country has long been gripped by its enduring love of cute characters.

The collection comes from two separate books made in 1780 and 1803. The earlier book, called
E-hon mizu ya sora, consists of a variety of caricatures and other cartoonish images of well-known Kabuki actors of the day, rendered in a way that’s frankly pretty adorable. The second book of the series, which comes in color, is called Katsurakasane.



At first glance, there’s something very contemporary about these images, which seem to predict Japan’s recent fixation on so-called yuru-kyara (cute mascots).

But a careful look inside the cover of these books reveals that these were actually made well over two centuries ago during the Edo Period (1603~1868). So who was the artist that made them, exactly?

Nichōsai (c. 1751-1803) was an ukiyo-e artist and caricaturist living and working during the eighteenth-century around Osaka. The subject of Kabuki-actors and other popular figures was common for other ukiyo-e artists at the time, and it seems that Nichōsai was well-known for his talent at making giga (戯画), or humorous images.

Nichōsai is identified in most resources as an adherent of the Kanō school of artists, who were responsible for a style of painting very popular with the Japanese nobility from the 16th century onwards. But little of that school’s bold brushwork and stuffy, classical aesthetic is evident in these cute little sketches of actors and dancers.

These charming, manga-like images by Nichōsai seem to share more in common with a contemporary, Yosa Buson (1716-1784), than any Kanō painter I know of. But that’s just a little art history geekery for you!
- source : en.rocketnews24.com/2016


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絵本水や空 Ehon Mizu ya Sora - Picture Book Water and Sky


CLICK for more samples !

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画話耳鳥斎 Ebanashi Nichosai


CLICK for more samples !

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耳鳥斎 展示会 Exhibitions


CLICK for more samples !

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Nicho-sai and the Edo Period Caricatures in Osaka
Nakatani Nobuo (author)
- reference -

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別世界巻の模写(by おじゃら りか)Rica Ojara
詩原作は、耳鳥斉という江戸時代の絵師 Rica Ojara がテレビより模写した
- source : ojara.sakura.ne.jp/mybooks -


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. Famous People of Edo .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]- - - - - #nichosai #kawaiiculture - - - -
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7/30/2016

Kasugacho district

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .
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Kasugachoo 春日町 Kasugacho District, Kasuga-Cho
練馬 Nerima-Kasuga-chō




- quote -
Lady Kasuga 春日局 Kasuga no Tsubone
(1579 – October 26, 1643)
was from a prominent Japanese samurai family of the Azuchi–Momoyama and Edo periods. Born Saitō Fuku (斉藤福), she was a daughter of Saitō Toshimitsu (who was a retainer of Akechi Mitsuhide). Her mother's father was Inaba Yoshimichi. Married to Inaba Masanari, she had three sons, including Inaba Masakatsu, and an adopted son, Hotta Masatoshi. She was the wet nurse of the third Tokugawa shogun Iemitsu.
She also established the 大奥 Ōoku, the women's quarters, at Edo Castle.
In 1629, she was granted the title of Kasuga no Tsubone.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


. Tokugawa Iemitsu 徳川家光 Third Tokugawa Shogun .
(1604 – 1651)
- quote -
... the little boy needed an immediate training by a governess good in every way. Kasuga, a married woman, the daughter of a well-known warrior of imperial descent who had lost his life in some conspiracy of the previous generation, was chosen by the government for the position. This was, perhaps, as great an honor as could be offered to any lady.
Besides, there was an opportunity to clear the memory of her father. And she begged her husband to divorce her that she might be free to give all her life to this task.
So devoted was she that the boy being at one time at the point of death, she offered herself to the gods for his recovery, vowing never to take any remedy. In her last illness she refused all medicine, and even when Iyémitsŭ — now ruler — begged her to take a commended draught from his hand, she merely, out of politeness, allowed it to moisten her lips, saying that her work was done, that she was ready to die, and that her life had long ago been offered for the master. Nor would she allow the master to indulge her with regard to her own son. He was in exile, deservedly, and the shogun asked her permission to pardon him, in the belief of possible amendment. She refused, bidding Iyémitsŭ to remember his lesson:
that the law of the country was above all things, and that she had never expected such words from him.
Moreover, that had he revoked the law for her, she could not die in peace.
- quote from
AN ARTIST'S LETTERS FROM JAPAN - BY JOHN LA FARGE (1835 – 1910)

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The flat wasteland of this area was uninhabited until 1630, when Kasuga no Tsubone became entitled to the land and had 13 of her retainers live there.
Also called Kasugadono-chō 春日殿町 Lady Kasuga Town.

The main road of this area is now
Kasuga doori, Kasuga Dōri 春日通り Kasuga street

At its beginning of this road is a temple called
Rinshooin 麟祥院 Rinsho-In, Rinshoin.
( 4 Chome-1-8 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo / 東京都文京区湯島4-1-8)
The temple was founded on her request in 1624 by 渭川周瀏 Isen (? - 1642) and first named 報恩山天沢寺.
(Other sources say it was founded in 1634, when her son, 稲葉正勝 Inaba Masakatsu (1597 - 1634) died.)
After her death the name was changed to her 法号 "postuhmous" Buddhist name, Rinsho.
A statue of her is in the temple ground and her grave is at this temple, 天沢山麟祥院.
Now a temple of the Rinzai Zen sect.
It has long been under the protection of the 稲葉家 Inaba and 堀田家 Hotta clan.
Her full posthumous name was 麟祥院殿仁淵了義尼大姉.
麟祥 rinsho is an auspicious name according to Chinese Buddhism.

. Legend about suzume ikusa 雀戦 fight of the sparrows .


春日局 墓 - her grave
There is a big hole in the main top stone. She ordered this to be able, even from her new residence in Paradise, to be able to supervise the well-being of the Shogun and the people of Edo.

Around the temple is a "living fence" of the tree karatachi カラタチ, Poncirus trifoliata.
The temple was therefore also called
Karatachidera からたち寺 / 枳殻寺.

- reference -

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source : tokyo-life-gallery.blogspot.jp
Statue at 東京都文京区礫川公園 Park Rekisen Koen

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Kasuga Jinja 春日神社 Kasuga Shrine
3 Chome-2-10 Kasugacho, Nerima, Tokyo

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There is a sushi dish called "sumoshi" すもし
in memory of the famous Kasuga no Tsubone.
春日の局も賞味した湯葉の巻き寿司, Take no ko sumoshi 竹の子すもし(寿司). She was the wetnurse of the third shogun of Edo, Iemitsu, and a rather determined woman. The dish has been re-enacted now, since it was named in old papers of the temple Sanbo-In 三宝院 in the precincts.

CLICK for more photos
Bamboo Sprout Sushi / sumoshi
This is a simple sushi: fresh bamboo sprouts are wrapped in yuba soy bean milk skin. Sometimes sushi rice is added nowadays.



source : facebook - samurai gourmet

Seven-colored rice dishes of Lady Kasuga consists of:
1. "Nameshi" (rice with leaf vegetables) - contains beta carotene, helps prevent colds
2. "Kuri Meshi" (rice with chestnuts) - contains vitamins B and E, good for anti-aging
3. "Azuki Meshi" (rice with red beans) - anthocyanin in red beans has antioxidyzing effects and helps improve eye fatigue
4. "Mugi Meshi" (rice with barley) - contains vitamin B6, prevents anemia and helps improve blood flow
5. "Yutori Meshi" (twice-boiled rice) - contains much water, good for people with weak digestive system
6. "Hikiwari Meshi" (rice with crushed barley) - easy to digest, good for people with weak digestive system
7. "Hoshi Meshi" (dried rice) - need to chew well, stimulates brain activity and helps improve immunity to diseases

. Washoku - Japanese Food Culture .

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The monument of Nerima radish
The monument of Nerima radish was built in 1940 on the grounds of Aizen-in Temple in Kasugacho to commemorate the fact that the Nerima radish has been a local specialty since the Edo period and has become well known nationwide.
The stone monument of about 3 meters tall is engraved with “The monument of Nerima radish” in large letters.



It is said that the fifth Shogun, Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, of the Edo period ordered the start of cultivation of the Nerima radish when he became sick and visited present-day Nerima for medical treatment. As the cultivation of the Nerima radish gained in popularity, it became an important vegetable to support the Edo residents’ diet.
Around the middle of the Meiji period, the urban areas around the Tokyo metropolitan area also started to grow the Nerima radish, whose production has increased and become known nationwide.
- reference source : nerima-kanko-en.blogspot.jp -

. Nerima daikon 練馬大根 big radish from Nerima .

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. Tenjin Sama - Sugawara Michizane Legends 天神菅原道真伝説 .

ushiishi, ushi-ishi 牛石 "bull stone"
When 源実朝 Minamoto no Sanetomo (1192 - 1219) was making war in the Northern Territories, Sugawara Michizane 菅神 Kanjin appeared in his dream, riding a bull:
"Lord Sanetomo has two parts of good fortune. When the war is over, built a small shrine and venerate there."
When Sanetomo woke up, he found a stone with the imprint of a bull's hooves just as he had seen in his dream.
In this year, his son 源頼家 Minamoto no Yoriie (1182 - 1204) was born and in the following year, Sanetomo was able to fight his enemy.
After winning the battle, he had a shrine erected and made an offering of this "Bull Stone".



牛石 (牛天神北野神社)(東京都文京区春日) Ushi Tenjin Kitano Jinja
1 Chome-5-2 Kasuga, Bunkyō ward

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .


- - - - - - Not related to the famous Edo lady:
. Great Kasuga Shrine 春日大社 Kasuga-taisha - Nara .
- quote -
Kasuga Gongen
Kasuga gongen reigenki emaki (Illustrated Scrolls of the Miracles of the Kasuga Deity)
The Illustrated Miracles of the Kasuga Deity, in twenty fascicles, is an illustrated hand scroll that contains depictions of the miracles of the Kasuga Deity, the tutelary god of the Fujiwara clan. The deity was worshipped at the Grand Shrine of Kasuga (Kasuga Taisha), which wielded great political and cultural influence along with Koufukuji with which the shrine was intergrated.
The scolls were completed in 1309 (Enkyou 2), during the late-Kamakura period, by the painter Takashina Takakane.
The set is a rare example of illustrated scroll for which the precise date and creator are known and is thus been recognized as an important historical resource.
- source : nara-wu.ac.jp/aic ... -


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- - - - - #kasugacho #kasuganotsubone #nerimadaikon #kasugagongen - - - -

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7/10/2016

Hyakunincho district

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .
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Hyakuninchoo 百人町 Hyakunincho district

teppoogumi hyakunin tai 鉄砲組百人隊 100 Riflemen Team
lived here on orders of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Hyakunin (hundred-man) brigade of shooters
100 men musket (teppo) corps

- quote
Teppo-gumi hyakunin-tai, or the Hundred-Member Gun Squad,
was founded by Tokugawa Ieyasu to defend his shogunate in the newly established capital of Edo. The squad was stationed in Shinjuku in an area named in its honor and known today as Hyakunin-cho (hundred-member town).
This Hyakunin-cho is home to the Kaichuinari-jinja Shrine, where many vassals of the squad visited to pray that their every shot hits the target. People later established the shustujin-shiki fair to commemorate the gun squad and also as thanksgiving for the luck bestowed by the shrine.



Today, the fair is held every odd year. Men clad in armor and helmet parade the neighborhood of Hyakunin-cho, test fire matchlock guns and give public demonstrations of battle field exercises.
- source : gotokyo.org/en/kanko/shinjuku



The Koshu Kaido was especially planned by Tokugawa Ieyasu to secure his route to escape Edo in case of an attack.
He had the group of 100 special armed guards live in Shinjuku to help and protect him in case of need.

. Kooshuu Kaidoo, Kōshū Kaidō 甲州街道 Koshu Kaido Road .

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鉄砲組百人隊 Homepage
- source : edo-hinawa.com -



CLICK for more photos of the Teppo-Tai !

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During the Edo period, the villages of 柏木 Kashiwagi and 大久保 Okubo were agricultural districts on either side of Hyakunin-cho where samurai warrior residences were located.
These villages were known as vegetable producing areas. The samurai families cultivated plants and flowers and this a tradition was continued through the Meiji period (1868-1912) even though the samurai class itself had disappeared by then.
The area was particularly famous for its azaleas (tsutsuji).
Since Hyakunin-cho was a residential area of the constables (doshin) belonging to the Hyakunin (hundred-man) brigade of shooters operated by the Bakufu military government during the Edo period. During festivals held at the Kaichu Inari Shrine, they fired ceremonial volleys with firelocks.
- source : kanko-shinjuku.com -


. Ookubo, Ōkubo 大久保 Okubo district, Shinjuku .

. Kashiwagi mura 柏木村 Kashiwagi village, Shinjuku .


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. Kaichuu Inari Jinja 皆中稲荷神社 Kaichu Inari Shrine .
1-11-16 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo / 新宿区百人町1-11-16

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Star Lanterns at Hyakunincho, Aoyama, Eastern Capital
Utagawa Hiroshige II

. Aoyama 青山 Aoyama district, "Green Mountain" .


At the temple 丸普陀山長楽寺 Choraku-Ji
there is a 鬼形の石 stone in the form of a demon, called
Yashajin 夜叉神 Yasha-jin, the Yasha Deity.
The stone had been in the garden of a member of a family in 青山百人町 Hyakunin-Cho in Aoyama.

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Takano Chooei, Takano Chōei 高野長英 Takano Choei
(1804 - 1850)


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Choei Takano -
Physician and scholar of Western studies. Takano studied Dutch medicine in Nagasaki from a person named Siebold and opened his practice in Edo. He formed the research group of Western studies Shoshikai with Kazan Watanabe and others and delved into the study of Western culture. He was imprisoned for six years for writing “Yume Monogatari” (My Dream Vision), in which he criticized the diplomatic policies of the Shogunate, but he escaped from jail by bribing a prison guard to set fire to the prison. Although he returned to Edo and lived by hiding out in various places, he was eventually arrested and killed.



-- Association with Minato City
He spent his last days of life in his secret hiding place in Aoyama Hyakunin-cho

Choei changed his appearance by burning his face with chemicals and moved around the country, but he eventually returned to Edo in March 1850 and lived in hiding in Aoyama Hyakunin-cho. That area had a concentration of official residences of the Shogun’s foot soldiers and sympathizers, and the grounds of the residence of a foot soldier named Kojima contained a pawnbroker’s annex. Choei ran a medical practice on that premises under the false name of Sanpaku Sawa.

However, on the last day of October in the same year, he was attacked by a Shogunate official in an alley on his return home, arrested, and killed. A stone monument, inscribed with “The hiding place of Doctor Choei Takano,” stands where he died in what we know as Minamiaoyama. It was 48 years after his death before his honor was restored, and a commemorative monument inscribed with Kaishu Katsu’s composition was erected in Zenko Temple in Kita-Aoyama after he was posthumously bestowed the title of Lord.
In 1837, he wrote Yumemonogatari (My Dream Vision), which stressed the need to open Japan to the world after the 1837 attack on an American ship, the Morrison. He continued to translate Western books while on the run and translated such books as Iryo Suyo (Fundamentals of Medical Care). Although he was a brilliant scholar of Western studies and a pioneer in medicine, he had a rather unfortunate life.
- source : lib.city.minato.tokyo.jp -

. Medicine in Edo .


- reference : Takano Choei -

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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7/08/2016

Priest Jiun Onko Sonja

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. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .
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Jiun Onkoo 慈雲飲光 Priest Jiun Onko
(1718 – 1804/1805)
百不知童子、葛城山人、雙龍叟 - 慈雲尊者 Jiun Sonja



CLICK for more photos !

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Daruma: “I do not know”
This painting represents the first Zen patriarch, often referred to as Daruma in Japanese, but more properly called by his Sanskrit name Bodhidharma. He is believed to have been moved from India to China in the fifth and sixth century and there, through meditation, finally came to understand the Buddhist law (dharma). This is why his figure often occurs alongside Zen calligraphy, representing the continuous struggle to learning the Buddhist teachings.

Images of Bodhidharma express his effort to established continuity with Zen Buddhist teachings. This painting belongs to that tradition but Jiun, thanks to his unique flaked style, transformed the silhouette of the patriarch in an abstract form: with only two strokes, the artist portrays the monk in meditation while, above, two characters stand out: "I do not know" (Fushiki).



The concept is short, direct and powerful. It refers to a dialogue between Daruma and Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty and capture the essence of Zen Buddhism: as reported in 'Hekiganroku (published in 1300), the emperor met the monk in the year 520, and asked him about how he had obtained for supporting Buddhism; when he says "absolutely nothing" the Emperor, irritated, asked what was then the foundation of Buddhism and the answer was "a great void and no holiness.” More and more annoyed, he then asked "Who are you?" And Bodhidharma replied " I do not know".

After this dialogue Bodhidharma was no more welcome at the court and he took refuge in a cave in the Shaolin temple on Mount Song, where he sat in meditation for nine years. The painting represents this first development status of Chinese Zen tradition: Bodhidharma who sits still and quiet in front of a white wall.



Jiun Onko (Jiun Sonja), one of the greatest Japanese Zen artist, born in Osaka, joined the cloister when he was thirteen, studied the Confucianism, the Shingon esoteric Buddhism and the Soto Zen. He was an excellent scholar, he learned Sanskrit been interested in ancient Buddhist manuscripts and learn the basic teachings of Buddhism; he founded in fact a movement that wanted to bring Buddhism back to its origins (“True Dharma”).

He was one of the reformers of the Edo period Zen and, still today, he is considered one of the greatest Zen calligraphers ever in Japan. His works are in all the museum collections of Japanese art all over the world.
- source : giuseppepiva.com/c -

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founder of 雲伝神道 Unden Shinto
葛城神道 Katsuragi Shinto


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Unden Shinto was founded by Jiun Sonja (1718-1804), a Shingon priest who attempted to enhance Shinto through a fusion with Buddhist and Confucian ideas. Comparing the similarities between the I Ching and Shinto writings on such views as the heavenly mandate, divination, numerology, gods and spirits, and politics, he alleged that the creation of
the I Ching may have been influenced by Shinto. According to Chinese tradition, Fu Hsi created the eight trigrams based on the Ho t'u (Yellow River diagram). Jiun speculated that the Ho t'u was inspired by a Shinto mirror: "The images of the Ho t'u were manifested through the Okitsu Mirror [a round bronze mirror kept in the geku (Outer Shrine) of the Ise Shrine, one of the ten Shinto treasures]. Fu Hsi used the Ho t'u as the base for drawing the eight trigrams." .....
.....
Jiun's discussions on the Shinto origins of the I Ching were only piecemeal. He did not address important questions, such as how Fu Hsi and other Chinese sages were influenced by Shinto. A full-fledged theory of the Shinto origins of the I Ching did not appear until the emergence of the Hirata school a few decades later.
.....
Jiun strove to return to original Buddhism by studying Buddhist sutras in Sanskrit. For his Buddhist views, see Paul B. Watt, "Jiun Sonja (1718-1804): A Response Confucianism within the Context of Buddhist Reform," in Nosco, Confucianism and Tokugawa Culture, pp. 188-214.

The I Ching in the Shinto Thought of Tokugawa Japan
By Wai-ming Ng
- source : University of Hawaii Press -



The Complete Works of the Venerable Jiun (Jiun Sonja zenshū).

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Unden Shintō
A branch of Shinto founded by the Edo-period Shingon monk Jiun Onkō (1718-1804).
As Jiun lived on Mt. Katsuragi, it is also called Katsuragi Shintō. Jiun's learning extended not only to esoteric Buddhism, siddham (Sanskrit philology), and Zen, but also to Confucianism and Shinto. In particular, he revived the monastic precepts through his promulgation of what he called the Precepts of the True Dharma (shōbōritsu). He also composed the Bongaku shinryō in one thousand fascicles, and made a great compilation covering the history of siddham studies; he was one of the outstanding scholars of his era. In response to the criticisms of Buddhism leveled by the Confucianists and Shintoists of his time, he attempted a reconstruction of the ancient Ryōbu Shintō. Some of his works relating to Shinto include Shin-Ju gudan (A Conversation Between Shintō and Confucianism), Shintō yōgo (Important Terms in Shintō), Shintō kokuga (Songs of the Shintō Realm), Shinchoku kuden (Oral Transmissions on the Oracles of the Gods), Ten no mikage (The Beneficence of Heaven).
Jiun held that no distinction existed between Shinto and esoteric Buddhism, and that it would be impossible to learn the essence of Shinto without also understanding esoteric Buddhism. Further, he was considered noteworthy for locating the basic meaning of Shinto in the relationship between lord and retainer while criticizing the Confucianists' emphasis on the marriage relationship or the relationship between friends; he is also known for arguing that Japan was a "divine land" (shinkoku) in which there was no need for the appearance of Confucian sages.
In these ways, Jiun diverged from the previous position that regarded Buddhism as principal and Shinto as subsidiary, taking a stance closer to Revivalist Shinto (Fukko Shintō) nationalism. Jiun's writings relating to Shinto are now collected in Volume 10 of The Complete Works of the Venerable Jiun (Jiun Sonja zenshū).
- source : Ito Satoshi - kokugakuin 2006 -

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慈雲尊者とは

1.慈雲尊者
2.正法律思想
3.尊者の袈裟
4.尊者の著作
5.尊者の容貌
6. 生誕三百年記念奉賛会について
- reference : horakuji.hello-net.info/jiun -


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perseverance

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buji kore kinin - inactivity



- - CLICK for more of his paintings ! -

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- reference : Jiun Onko -

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. shinbutsu in Edo 江戸の神仏 Kami and Hotoke in Edo .
shinbutsu shūgō 神仏習合 - Syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism
shinbutsu bunri 神仏分離 - Separation of Shinto and Buddhism.


. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .


. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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7/06/2016

nikki diaries

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .
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Nikki 日記 Diaries of the Edo period - Tagebuch
江戸時代の日記 


Many chief retainers (karoo 家老 Karo) wrote detailed diaries of their domain.
Other Samurai wrote about the food they found on their way to and from Edo.



江戸お留守居役の日記 Edo O-Rusuiyaku no Nikki
萩藩江戸留守居役、福間彦右衛門の日記『公儀所日乗』
山本博文
rusuiyaku - a Samurai representing the master during his absence.

to be updated
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Enyuu Nikki 宴遊日記 Enyu Nikki - Diary of Banquets and Amusements
compiled over the years 1773 - 1785

En'yu Nikki - A banquet diary


source : chokai.info/areanews

お殿様の上野浅草散歩道『宴遊日記』

柳沢信鴻 Yanagisawa Nobutoki (1724 - 1792)
Daimyo of the Yamato Koriyama domain 大和郡山藩主


yuuen nikki 遊宴日記 Yuen Nikki (different Kanji)
江戸の植木屋と花屋 : 柳沢信鴻著- 遊宴日記
Garden tree shops and flower shops of Edo (Tokyo)

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Garden tree shops and flower shops of Edo (Tokyo) in 18th were written by Yanagisawa Nobutoki in his diary Enyu Nikki. Those shops where Nobutoki bought plants to make the garden in his residence Rikugien at Edo sold many kinds of trees and flowers. Nobutoki described that those shops had sold many plants which visitors wanted to decorate their room or make their garden. In Edo period nurserymen produced new varieties of garden plants which anyone can't get now. Those shops existed at many places in Edo. For example, those were at Dosaka, Yushima and Sendagi which are belonged to Bunkyo Ward today, and at Hirokodoji, Rokuamida, Kubifuri-zaka in Taito Ward.
- source : nirr.lib.niigata-u.ac.jp -



- 柳沢延時 Yanagisawa Nobutoki (maybe a misspelling of the Kanji 柳沢信鴻) -

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Prayer and Play in Late Tokugawa Japan: Asakusa Sensōji
Yanagisawa Nobutoki (1724-92), a retired daimyo, provides a good example of the populace's passionate veneration of the Asakusa Kannon. .....
- source : books.google.co.jp - Nam-Lin Hur -


A Kabuki Reader: History and Performance
By Samuel L. Leiter
- - - - - Enyu Nikki - A banquet diary
account of Samurai interested in Kabuki theater
..... Nobutoki was active in Haikai poetry circles
- source : books.google.co.jp -

and 宴遊日記別録 Enyu nikki betsuroku

- reference : Yanagisawa Nobutoki -
also google for
柳沢淇園 Yanagisawa Kien (1704–1758)

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Hakuen Nikki 柏莚日記 Hakuen Diary
1802
Hakuen was the artist name of Kabuki actor 市川団十郎 Ichikawa Danjuro 2nd.

- reference : 柏莚日記 -

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Kakyuu bushi no shoku nikki 下級武士の食日記 Food Diary of a lowly Samurai
幕末単身赴任 Bakumatsu tanshin funin - Living alone in Edo at the Bakumatsu time
酒井伴四郎日記 Sakai Banshiro Nikki
下級武士の米日記

酒井伴四郎 Sakai Banshiro (1833 - ?)
He was a samurai of low rank 下級武士 with a small income. As a young man of 28 he had to stay on duty i Edo from the 6th to the eleventh month of 1860 and kept a diary of his diet and the many things he observed in the big city. He even talks about the 月見団子 dumplings for moon viewing in Autumn and other gourmet food he encountered.
He lived in cheap Nagaya quarters and improved his knowledge about cooking while doing odd jobs in restaurants.


source : mocket.exblog.jp/15980834

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Karoo Nikki 家老日記 Diary of the Chief Retainer
The Tottori Domain from 1655 till 1870. Kept by the 池田家 Ikeda family about the events in Tottori.
Is contains 250 volumes.



今回公開された「家老日記」は、旧鳥取藩主・池田家に伝わり、1969年に池田家の子孫から鳥取県へと寄贈されたもの。藩政を統括した家老のもとで作成された“公務日記”で、鳥取藩政をひもとく基礎資料となる藩の歴史や構造が記されている。1655(明暦元)年から1870(明治3)年までの250冊が、ほぼ年次を追って存在している。
- reference source : r25.jp/topi - 鳥取県立博物館 -

access to the digital Database
- source : digital-museum.pref.tottori.jp -

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Matsudaira Yamato no Kami Nikki 松平大和守日記
The Diary of Matsudaira Yamato no Kami

Matsudaira Yamatonokami nikki
by Matsudaira Naonori 松平直矩 (1642 - 1695)



Flowing Traces: Buddhism in the Literary and Visual Arts of Japan
edited by James H. Sanford, William R. LaFleur, Masatoshi Nagatomi
..... A particularly important source of contemporary information concerning Sekkyô-bushi is the Matsudaira Yamato no kami nikki, cited by Muroki. .....
- source : books.google.co.jp -

Murakami Komonjo Kankokai, 1989
Naonori Matsudaira, Kozo Suzuki
- source : books.google.co.jp -


松平直徳 (1869 - 1931) Matsudaira Naonori - Another Daimyo
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Matsudaira Naonori was the second son of Matsudaira Yoshinori, last daimyô of Akashi han in Harima province. Adopted by his elder brother Matsudaira Naomune, he inherited headship of the family in 1884.
A viscount (shishaku) in the Meiji period kazoku system of peerage, Naonori was a member of the House of Lords, and board member or company director of Akashi Bank, and the Hakushika saké company.
He is known also for his art collection, which included a rare set of nanban screens entitled Yôjin sôgakuzu byôbu, and today in the collection of the MOA (Museum of Art) in Shizuoka.
- source : wiki.samurai-archives.com -

- reference : Matsudaira Yamato no Kami -

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Moriyama Takamori Nikki 森山孝盛日記
森山孝盛 Moriyama Takamori (1738 - 1815)

He made a career in the Bakufu government, from 目付 Metsuke to 先手鉄砲頭 Sakite Teppogashira in 1794 and next year to 火付盗賊改 Hitsuke Tosoku Aratame.
After that he was 西丸持弓頭 and then 槍奉行 Yari Bugyo until he quit in 1812.

- reference : Moriyama Takamori -

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Oomuro Uchuu Ki 鸚鵡籠中記  Omuro Uchu Ki - Records of a parrot in the cage
元禄武士の日記 Diary of a Genroku Period Samurai

oomuro 鸚鵡 parrot in a cage, was used for the title, because Shigeaki was very skilled in writing easily and amusing for the readers.



朝日重章 Asahi Shigeaki (1674 - 1718)

Records from 1684 till 1717 of a Samurai from the 尾張藩 Owari domain.
He also writes about 宝永地震 the strong earthquake of 1707.

This book is also known as
元禄御畳奉行の日記 Genroku O-Tatami Bugyo no Nikki

source : tinnen.cocolog-nifty.com/blog

- reference : Asahi Shigeaki -

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Saito Gesshin Nikki 斎藤月岑日記
斎藤月岑 Saito Gesshin (1804 - 1878)

He was 神田の町名主 the mayor of Kanda. His family has held this job since Tokugawa Ieyasu came to Edo in 1590. His father died when Gesshin was only 15 years old.
His grave is in Ueno at temple Hoozenji 法善寺 Hozen-Ji.
This diary covers the years from 1830 till 1875.



『斎藤月岑日記』(さいとうげっしんにっき)
- reference : wikipedia -

Gesshin was involved in many literary projects, for example
江戸名所図会(7巻20冊) Edo Meisho Zue
東都歳事記(4巻)Toto Saijiki
武江年表(12巻)Buko Nenpyo . . . and many more
- reference : Saito Gesshin Nikki -

. Tooto Saijiki 東都歳時記 Saijiki of the Eastern Capital (Edo) .

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Seisei Nikki 征西日記 The Western Conquest Diary



江戸時代のグルメ日記 gourmet diary of the Edo period
伊庭八郎 Iba Hachiro (1844 - 1869)



Hachiro had to go to Kyoto with the Shogun 徳川家茂 Tokugawa Iemochi.
On this trip he wrote about many things found on the way.
御上洛御共之節旅中並在京在坂中萬事覚留帳面


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Nikki bungaku 日記文学 is a genre of Japanese diary literature.

. Tosa Nikki 土佐日記 Tosa Diary .
Ki no Tsurayuki 紀貫之 - (872-945)

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .



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